atypical squamous proliferation skin cancer

Multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE), also known as Ferguson-Smith disease, is a rare inherited cancer that can heal itself on its own. But it's also possible for their cell division to go awry, leading to what are sometimes called "keratinocyte cancers." However, it's still important to make sure there's no cancer present or that a cancer isn't just starting to develop. Annual screenings are important if you've had a previous diagnosis of either type of skin cancer. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Aasi SZ, Hong AM. We can also help you find other free or low-cost resources available. The reason for its lack of being in the skin cancer conversation is that atypical fibroxanthoma is quite rare, accounting for less than 0.2% of all skin . cSCC can return, and its important to monitor your skin for any precancerous or cancerous areas at least once per month. Oncology. Eruptive squamous atypia (ESA), which is an idiopathic, sometimes koebnerizing, proliferation of atypical but well-differentiated keratinocytes (also termed eruptive keratoacanthoma), is often misdiagnosed as cancer and managed by excisional surgery, provoking further koebnerization. What are the causes and risk factors for squamous cell cancer? Risk factors for the disease are exposure to sun (specifically . The lesions may ulcerate and cause scarring of skin The treatment of choice is a surgical excision with clear margins followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, as decided by the healthcare provider. 2018 Feb;30(2):238. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.2.238, Kim JYS, Kozlow JH, Mittal B, et al. Jill Biden and Skin Cancer: What to Know About Risks, Screenings, and Surgery, Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Nose: Types, Identification, and Treatment, keratinocytes (skin cells, also called squamous cells), an open sore that can have raised borders, new growth on an old scar, birthmark, or mole, having light-colored hair and blue, green, or gray eyes, having long-term exposure to UV radiation, living in sunny regions or at a high altitude, having a history of multiple severe sunburns, especially if they occurred early in life, having a history of being exposed to chemicals, such as arsenic. It can also be: Its a good idea to make an appointment with your doctor or dermatologist right away if you notice any symptoms of cSCC or experience a sore or growth that doesnt heal. Cutaneous sarcomas and sarcomatoid neoplasms of the skin. Skin cancer types: basal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms. Once this occurs, the condition can be life threatening. A mutation in the DNA may cause a basal cell to multiply fast and continue growing when it would normally die. The process of creating new skin cells is controlled by a basal cell's DNA. Here's how to tell them apart. Skip to Article Content; Skip to Article Information . Premalignant and malignant nonmelanoma skin tumors. An atypical mole, also sometimes called a dysplastic nevus, is a benign but unusual-looking mole that can look a lot like a melanoma . You can unsubscribe at any Mohs surgery might also be done after an excision if it didnt remove all of the cancer (if the surgical margins were positive). Become a volunteer, make a tax-deductible donation, or participate in a fundraising event to help us save lives. 4 The . In-situ means the skin cancer it is an early forming skin cancer and is limited to the upper layers of the skin. It has a lower malignancy potential than conventional squamous cell carcinomas. It might appear in the upper region of the chest, and sometimes in the back. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Ann Dermatol. 2007 Jun;29(6):525-7. doi: 10.1002/hed.20599. Wear sunscreen that has an SPF of at least 30 whenever you go out in the sun. Squamous Cell skin cancer can develop as a result of abnormal growth of squamous cells caused by Squamous Cell Carcinoma or warts. Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote. When it affects the entire prostate gland it is called diffuse atrophy. OP. BCC accounts for some 80% of these cancers, though they rarely cause death. Search Eating during cancer treatment: Tips to make food tastier. It is easily treated and cured when it is confined to the skin. Skin tags are common, noncancerous skin growths. We avoid using tertiary references. You can change your cookie settings through your browser. First lady Jill Biden is undergoing Mohs surgery to remove a skin lesion above her eye. What Does Basal Cell Carcinoma Look Like? Ashley G. Rubin. These changes cause abnormal cells to multiply out of control. Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals. Small squamous cell cancers can usually be cured with these treatments. The malignant cells are often large with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a large, often vesicular, nucleus. Look for those that block both types of UV radiation UVA and UVB rays. If this happens, treatments such as radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and/or chemotherapy may be needed. Radiation can also be used to treat cancers that have come back after surgery and have become too large or deep to be removed surgically. Our team is made up of doctors andoncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing. 11th ed. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. June 4, 2019. Cervical cysts or polyps. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier; 2020. 6th ed. Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (conjunctival SCC) and corneal intraepithelial neoplasia comprise what are called ocular surface squamous cell neoplasias. Lung SCC makes up about 30 percent of a group of lung cancers called non-small cell lung cancer and about 25 percent of lung cancers overall. Different types of cancer start in the skin. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Squamous cell skin cancer (also known as squamous cell carcinoma) can develop when these cells grow out of control. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. The majority of SCCs begin as AKs. Most BCCs are linked to long-term exposure to and damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Keratoacanthoma is a common type of squamous cell cancer. Martins RG. Squamous cell carcinoma can spread to the sinuses, skull base, and other parts of the brain. Nonmelanoma skin cancers form in the outer layers of your skin. Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Our surgeons may need to remove more tissue if we have squamous cell cancer, which can be aggressive. It often forms on parts of your skin frequently exposed to sunlight like your face, neck, or arms. (2019). However, it's still important to make sure there's no cancer present or that a cancer isn't just starting to develop. Member. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 1 First-line treatment is complete surgical excision or Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), 2 although amputation is often performed due to local tissue destruction and late intervention. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team. To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you dont already have one. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Reset filters. 2012 Sep;12(1):417. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-417, Le Clair MZ, Cockburn MG. Tanning bed use and melanoma: Establishing risk and improving prevention interventions. Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck: clinical evaluation and histopathology. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. As with other skin cancers, cases are on the rise in aging populations. Electrodessication and Curettage Low-risk tumors benefit from this very common treatment for squamous cell carcinoma. As a stand-along diagnosis, I would code "atypical melanocytic proliferation" or "melanocytic proliferation" D48.5 (neoplasm of uncertain behavior). Mohs surgery is a highly successful outpatient procedure used to treat and cure various forms of skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma. Semin Diagn Pathol 1993 May;10 (2):148-58. This might cause you to worry that this means cancer, but atypical cells aren't necessarily cancerous. Make an appointment with your healthcare provider if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you. Squamous cell skin cancer. Accessed Oct. 1, 2020. An important question raised by our results is the functional status of the p53 . Skin squamous cell carcinoma is usually non-life-threatening, but it can be aggressive. atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (asc-h) atrophic pattern; predominantly parabasal cells? Cameron MC, Lee E, Hibler BP, et al. Keep reading to learn more about this type of skin cancer, what it looks like, what causes it, and how its diagnosed and treated. Atypical squamous proliferation: what lies beneath? cSCC develops due to changes in the DNA of squamous cells, which causes them to multiply uncontrollably. Stage 1 Cancer has spread deep into the skin but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or healthy tissues. Untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin can grow large or spread to other parts of your body, causing serious complications. Squamous cell carcinomas are relatively slow-growing malignant (cancerous) tumors that, if left untreated, can spread (metastasize) to surrounding tissue. What exactly are atypical squamous cells in this regard? Squamous cells, which resemble fish scales, are thin, flat cells found in the tissue that makes up the skins surface, the lining of the bodys hollow organs, and the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts. EricInNC. PMC Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases, with emphasis on "atypical fibroxanthomas". American Cancer Society medical information is copyrightedmaterial. Like cSCC, basal cell cancer typically develops in areas exposed to UV rays, particularly your face and neck. Wear a hat and cover your skin when working outside. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which 2019. Electrodessication and Curettage, Low-risk tumors benefit from this very common treatment for squamous cell carcinoma. journals.lww.com/dermatologicsurgery/Fulltext/2015/04000/Family_History_of_Skin_Cancer_Is_Associated_With.7.aspx, cancer.org/cancer/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html, cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/skin, cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-genetics-pdq, cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq, skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/, aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/scc/symptoms, aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common, mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth, cancer.org/cancer/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/about/what-is-basal-and-squamous-cell.html, Prognosis and Outlook for Stage 4 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Carcinoma Types: Squamous Cell, Basal Cell, Transitional Cell, and More, Survival Rates for Different Types of Skin Cancer, What You Need to Know About Skin Cancer on the Scalp, Everything You Need to Know About Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer, Mohs Surgery for Basal Cell Carcinoma: Before and After Treatment. Last medically reviewed on January 12, 2022. Oral SCC also makes up more than 90 percent of mouth cancers. Histologically, Bowen disease presents as intraepithelial atypia, with marked variation in cell and nuclear size . Systemic treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of 2023 American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved. National Cancer Institute. Help us end cancer as we know it,for everyone. Treatments may include: Some doctors may also use laser surgery and topical medications to treat cSCC. Atypical Squamous Cells (ASC) refers to an unclear result from a pap smear that requires a repeat pap smear. Untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin can destroy nearby healthy tissue, spread to the lymph nodes or other organs, and may be fatal, although this is uncommon. Factors that may increase your risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin include: Fair skin. Bowen disease is an intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, referred to as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Weve invested more than $5 billion in cancer research since 1946, all to find more and better treatments, uncover factors that may cause cancer, and improve cancer patients quality of life. Signet ring cell squamous cell carcinoma. But sun exposure doesn't explain skin cancers that develop on skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. If that is the case, you would code for whatever the original biopsy showed. UV radiation is the most common cause of the DNA mutations that lead to cSCC and other skin cancers. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, cSCC is most commonly red or pink. Its also important to follow recommended screening guidelines, which can help detect certain cancers early. } Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Sheldon Sebastian, MD, Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center of Kansas City, Leawood, KS, or e-mail: [email protected] Dermatologic Surgery: March 2011 - Volume 37 - Issue 3 - p 395-398 information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of AREG is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of epithelial diseases, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, colon cancer, lung cancer and psoriasis (12-15). Treatment is based on: If cSCC is caught early, the condition can usually be successfully treated. Cancer Information, Answers, and Hope. To help reduce your risk of cSCC, follow these tips when possible: Early detection of cSCC is key to successful treatment. What are the six major characteristics of a pure market economy. Its most common on skin areas that have been exposed to strong sunlight on a regular basis, such as the head, ears, and hands. Disclosure: Dr Guitart has been a consultant for DermTech International and Seattle Genetics Inc. Dr Gerami has . Examine your chest and trunk and the tops and undersides of your arms and hands. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin most often occurs on sun-exposed skin, such as your scalp, the backs of your hands, your ears or your lips. }. Most of the DNA mutations in skin cells are caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation found in sunlight and in commercial tanning lamps and tanning beds. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Available Sun Protection Products at Mayo Clinic Store, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition. First remember that a finding of atypical cells is NOT cancer. WLE cures low-risk tumors and reduces the risk of nodal metastasis. Accessed Oct. 1, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm. Dr. Alan Lasnover answered Obstetrics and Gynecology 61 years experience I presume the diagnosis refers either to the cervix, a vaginal lesion or the skin. Do not surround your terms in double-quotes ("") in this field. Epidermoid carcinoma is also known as epidermoid carcinoma. The two most common types of skin cancer are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. Chapter 90: Cancer of the Skin. If your doctor identifies atypical cells, close follow-up is essential. If you dont choose, Wisconsin 10 Largest CitiesNamePopulation1Milwaukee600,1552Madison248,9513Green Bay105,2074Kenosha99,858 What are the five most populous cities in Wisconsin?Milwaukee This city is the countrys 31st largest and the Midwests, Because their bodies are very close to humans, marmosets are frequently used for research on human aging and disease. They grow slowly and are usually found on sun-exposed parts of the body, such as the face, ears, neck, lips, and hands backs. Atypical squamous cells can be a sign of: HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. These cells form in the deep basal-cell layer of the skin, and take about a month to reach the surface. Incomplete primary excision of cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas in the Bay of Plenty. May occur on foot or on sun damaged skin (Arch Dermatol 1994;130:1042, J Dermatol 2007; . They develop as the result of excess UV damage on sun-exposed surfaces of the body, including the face, neck, dorsal hands, and forearms, upper chest, back, and scalp [ 7, 9, 11, 12 ]. Squamous cell carcinoma The histopathologic changes noted in keratinocytic proliferative lesions involve disturbance of normal surface maturation. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Another type of skin cancer, melanoma, is more dangerous but less common. Habif TP. What are the symptoms of squamous cell cancer? In 1992, the NIH recommended that the term "dysplastic nevus" be avoided in favor of the term "atypical mole". Require these words, in this exact order. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Summary. Carcinoma types of cancer include squamous cell, basal cell, transitional cell, renal cell, adenocarcinoma, and others. Most squamous cell carcinomas of the skin result from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from sunlight or from tanning beds or lamps. Your doctor will first perform a physical exam and inspect any abnormal areas for signs of cSCC. The epidermis has three main types of cells: The cells of the epidermis are constantly shedding to make way for fresh, new skin cells. Squamous cell carcinoma on the skin can grow big or spread to other parts of your body if left untreated, resulting in serious complications. EXCISION - numb the area with local anesthesia, remove skin cancer or atypical mole and stitch it closed. Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Cancer support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. The American Cancer Society is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. Timothy J. DiChiara, PhD, is a former research scientist and published writer specializing in oncology. Yet BCCs also may occur on parts of your body that are rarely exposed to sunlight. UpToDate. Skin cancer begins in the cells that make up the outer layer (epidermis) of your skin. Signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin include: A firm, red nodule Larger squamous cell cancers are harder to treat, and fast-growing cancers have a higher risk of coming back. Even normal aging can make cells appear abnormal. atypical squamous proliferation #106561 11-06-2009 02:16 PM. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2019. The changes are almost always indicative of an HPV infection. Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days. Available Every Minute of Every Day. These types of treatment might be combined or used separately. Accessed at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-low-risk-cutaneous-squamous-cell-carcinoma on June 4, 2019. Methods: Cytological characteristics were evaluated in 432 patients who underwent lymph node FNAC and follow-up biopsy at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 2015 to . LGA Airport Airline Terminals Map Airline Terminal Frontier Airlines Departure: C- Arrivals: D JetBlue Departure: A- Arrivals: A Southwest Airlines Departure: B Arrivals: B, Its mostly a preference, but having two save files where you saved Park and another where you saved Lazar doesnt hurt. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). These patients were treated at Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital or Ren Ji Hospital between 2011 and 2015. Wolters Kluwer Health. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin care at Mayo Clinic. Cryosurgery. sheldon.sebastian@gmail.com; PMID: 21342317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01895.x No abstract available. Squamous epithelial cells are a type of flat cell found throughout the body, including in the mouth, on the lips, and on the cervix. A biopsy usually involves removing a very small portion of the affected skin. Individuals with immunocompromised states have more aggressive tumors. At the American Cancer Society, we have a vision to end cancer as we know it, for everyone. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer,with basal cell carcinoma being the most com-mon. enable-background: new; In a small percentage of people with cSCC, the cancer will metastasize (spread) and roughly 70% of that small subset will die, according to one 2019 study. https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/pap-hpv-testing-fact-sheet. An analysis of 69 cases and review of the literature. In this study we investigated the number of blood vessels and vascular proliferation in subepithelial areas of 80 cervical condylomas and cervical intraepithelial . This suggests that other factors may contribute to your risk of skin cancer. A much smaller number occur on the torso and legs. Marmosets can be kept as pets, What are the six main characteristics of a pure market economy? You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Cryosurgery. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. In recent years, research on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in the treatment of OSCC has also been conducted.Purpose: Studies indicate that nonspecific immune mechanisms involved in the course of the anticancer response also need to be taken into account. If we combine this information with your protected Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (essentially synonymous with Bowen's disease) often presents as an erythematous, well-demarcated, scaly patch or plaque, with a fairly irregular border. Small squamous cell cancers can usually be cured with these treatments. These cancers are treatable and have a better outlook than melanomas. For reprint requests, please see our Content Usage Policy. Keratinocyte carcinomas: current concepts and future research priorities. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Mouth sores caused by cancer treatment: How to cope, No appetite? clip-path: url(#SVGID_6_); The mutations tell the squamous cells to grow out of control and to continue living when normal cells would die. The site is secure. include protected health information. Because BCC is at work in most keratinocyte cancer cases, this article focuses primarily on the causes of BCC, as well as symptoms that suggest it may be time to call your healthcare provider. Christensen SR, Wilson LD, Leffell DJ. Also check your genital area and between your buttocks. } Sun-exposed areas such as the lips and ears are especially likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. BCC occurs when one of the basal cells of the epidermis develops a mutation, or change, in its DNA. .st2 { The only way to know for sure whether you have skin cancer and what type it is is through a biopsy. EricInNC OP. Subscribe for free and receive an in-depth guide to coping Chemotherapy and sex: Is sexual activity OK during treatment? Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. These lesions, once diagnosed as atypical, are typically excised to eliminate the risk of cancer. Systemic chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy: Chemotherapy and targeted therapy drugs (EGFR inhibitors) might be other options for patients with squamous cell cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health St. Louis, Mo. 6th ed. Some companies also sell protective clothing. We're improving the lives of cancer patients and their families through advocacy, research, and patient support to ensure that everyone has an opportunity to prevent, detect, treat, and survive cancer. As new cells move upward, they become flattened squamous cells, where a skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma can occur. Its not often used as the first treatment for younger patients because of the possible risk of long-term problems. Here are some examples of what squamous cell carcinoma can look like: Your skin has multiple layers. The majority of SCC patients have a good prognosis. Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of Skin is a malignant tumor of skin that typically affects elderly men and women. The risk of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin may be increased in cases where the cancer: Most squamous cell carcinomas of the skin can be prevented. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Benign (noncancerous) cellular changes. Short description: Atyp squam cell not excl hi grd intrepith lesn cyto smr anus The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM R85.611 became effective on October 1, 2022. In: Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 5: 1- 2. Read our. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin refers to cancer that forms in the squamous cells found in the skin. However, when certain genetic changes occur in the DNA of any of these cells, skin cancer can occur. The other 20% are cSCC. Both are of the keratinocyte type. Research. They may include exposure to toxic substances, or having another medical condition that weakens your immune system. Review/update the Include any more information that will help us locate the issue and fix it faster for you. Radiation therapy is often a good option for patients with large cancers, especially in areas where surgery would be hard to do (such as the eyelids, ears, or nose), or for patients who cant have surgery. They may become irritated and bleeding. Below are some of the resources we provide. Depending on the type, skin cancer can grow rapidly and become life-threatening. Select data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Treatment and prognosis of low-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, having less pigment (melanin) in your skin provides less protection from damaging UV radiation. NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms provides easy-to-understand definitions for words and phrases related to cancer and medicine. What are basal and squamous cell skin cancers? The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and effectiveness of FNAC in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Many factors can make normal cells appear atypical, including inflammation and infection. As a result, these specimens are often signed out as atypical squamous proliferations (ASPs). This includes two types of non-melanoma skin cancers: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Right lateral lower leg, proximal superior: "Atypical squamous proliferation, consistent with early evolving or regressing well-differentiated, invasive squamous . KASP: keratoacanthomatous atypical squamous proliferation SCC: squamous cell carcinoma STSG: split-thickness skin graft From the Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Med-icine, Northwestern University. Gibson LE (expert opinion). Head Neck. Skin color and being exposed to sunlight can increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The process of creating new skin cells is controlled by a basal cell's DNA. Squamous cell cancer (SCC), also known as squamous cell carcinoma, is a type of cancer. This is most often caused by hormones or radiation therapy to the prostate. Squamous cell carcinoma can also occur on the . Atrophy is a term used to describe a shrinkage of prostate tissue (when it is seen under the microscope). 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