what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Portugal protested that the line gave excessively to Spain. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. Want to create or adapt books like this? The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? How did Exploration impact the world? . The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. 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These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. Menu and widgets At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . 201-202. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. He also started a school This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . 5 Pages. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. flashcard sets. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Open Document. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. The voyages of Columbus. Eventually they blocked access altogether. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. . However, the reality is far more complex. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. 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They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. 1531 The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. Why was exploration so important to Spain? The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. 1524. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships.